Medicinal importance of Cassia alata L. (Fabaceae): A comprehensive review
Keywords:
Cassia alata, phytochemical, pharmacology, toxicology
Abstract
Cassia alata included in the Fabaceae family which spread in tropical and humid areas. All part of the C. alata contains phytochemical so that C. alata is potential medicinal plants. Leaves extract was reported to produce flavonoids, alkaloid, tannin, and cynogenic glycoside. Stems extract contains alkaloid, flavonoid, saponins, oxalate, pheno, and tannin. Roots extract contains alkaloid, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, and phenols. Flower contains saponin, tannin, anthraquinones, flavonoid, glicoside, steroid, and volatile oil. C. alata has been reported to be antiinflamatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antiparasitic, antitumor, anticancer, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, and have a laxative effect. The aim of this study is to give a sneak peek view on C. alata’s taxonomy, distribution, phytochemical, pharmacological activities, and the toxicological effects.
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References
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8. Facility GBI. Senna alata (L.) Roxb. Published [Internet]. 2022;2021. Available from: https://www.gbif.org/species/2956947
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10. National Parks. Senna alata (Linnaeus) Roxburgh [Internet]. A Singapore Government Agency Website. 2021 [cited 2022 Jan 9]. p. National Parks-Flora and Fauna Web. Available from: https://www.nparks.gov.sg/florafaunaweb/flora/2/4/2450
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23. Adedayo O, Anderson WA, Moo-Young M, Snieckus V, Patil PA, Kolawole DO. Phytochemistry and antibacterial activity of Senna alata flower. Pharm Biol. 2001;39(6):408–12.
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31. Pamulaparthi A, Prathap VR, Banala M, Nanna RS. Total phenolic, flavonoid contents and antioxidant assays in leaf extracts of Senna alata (L.) Roxb. J Pharm Sci Res. 2015;8(9):981–5.
32. Galli CL, Cinelli S, Ciliutti P, Melzi G, Marinovich M. Aloe-emodin, a hydroxyanthracene derivative, is not genotoxic in an in vivo comet test. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol [Internet]. 2021;124(February):104967. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yrtph.2021.104967
33. Sugumar M, Doss VA, Maddisetty P, Rangaraju M, Kandhasamy S, Munuswamy S. Pharmacological analysis of hydroethanolic extract of Senna alata (L.) for in vitro free radical scavenging and cytotoxic activities against HepG2 cancer cell line. Pak J Pharm Sci. 2019;32(3):933–6.
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37. Ontong JC, Paosen S, Shankar S, Voravuthikunchai SP. Eco-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Senna alata bark extract and its antimicrobial mechanism through enhancement of bacterial membrane degradation. J Microbiol Methods [Internet]. 2019;165(July):105692. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet.2019.105692
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40. Prabhu V, Poonkodi K, Pradeep K, Buvaneswari S, Mini R, Vimaladevi K, et al. Antidandruff activity of cassia auriculata and cassia alata through fatty acids mediated inhibition of malassezia furfur. J Appl Nat Sci. 2020;12(4):532–40.
41. Tababa EJL, Flores-Genuino RNS, Salud-Gnilo CMD. Senna alata (akapulko) extract versus topical antifungals for treatment of superficial fungal skin infections: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Med Philipp. 2020;54(1):44–52.
42. Angelina M, Hanafi M, Suyatna FD, Mirawati ST, Ratnasari S, Dewi BE, et al. Antiviral Effect of Sub Fraction Cassia alata Leaves Extract to Dengue Virus Serotype-2 strain New Guinea C in Human Cell Line Huh-7 it-1. IOP Conf Ser Earth Environ Sci [Internet]. 2017 Dec;101(1):012004. Available from: https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/101/1/012004
43. Mitrocotsa D, Mitaku S, Axarlis S, Harvala C, Malamas M. Evaluation of the antiviral activity of kaempferol and its glycosides against human cytomegalovirus. Planta Med. 2000;66(4):377–9.
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45. Anbu J, Murali A, Sathiya R, Saraswathy GR, Azamthulla M. In Vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Leaf Ethanolic Extract of Cassia Alata and Typha Angustifolia. MSRUAS-SASTech J. 2015;14(2):41–4.
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2. Navarro JJP, Rodríguez-Estrella R. The exotic invasive candle bush Senna alata (L.) roxb. in Baja California peninsula, México, a new threat for relictual oasis. BioInvasions Rec. 2020;9(1):29–36.
3. Oladeji OS, Adelowo FE, Oluyori AP, Bankole DT. Ethnobotanical description and biological activities of Senna alata. Evidence-Based Complement Altern Med [Internet]. 2020 Feb 21;2020:1–12. Available from: https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ecam/2020/2580259/
4. Kolawole RM, Thomas BT, Folorunso JB, Oluwadun A. GC-MS Analysis and Antifungal Activity of Senna alata Linn. Int J Microbiol Res. 2015;6(2):100–7.
5. WHO Traditional Medicine Strategy 2014-2023. WHO. World Health Organization 2013.
6. Database UP. Senna alata (L.) Roxb. [Internet]. [cited 2022 Jan 9]. Available from: https://plants.sc.egov.usda.gov/home/plantProfile?symbol=SEAL4
7. Vélez-Gavilán J. Senna alata (candle bush) [Internet]. CABI. 2016 [cited 2022 Jan 9]. p. Invasive Species Compendium. Available from: https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/117090
8. Facility GBI. Senna alata (L.) Roxb. Published [Internet]. 2022;2021. Available from: https://www.gbif.org/species/2956947
9. Gourd I, Wright C. Invasive species fact sheet Pacific Islands area Candle bush (Senna alata). Nat Resour Conserv Serv. 2011;22(October):1–2.
10. National Parks. Senna alata (Linnaeus) Roxburgh [Internet]. A Singapore Government Agency Website. 2021 [cited 2022 Jan 9]. p. National Parks-Flora and Fauna Web. Available from: https://www.nparks.gov.sg/florafaunaweb/flora/2/4/2450
11. Foundation CD, Database UP, Foundation CD, Global Biodiversity Information Facility, Database UP. Senna alata (L.) Roxb. [Internet]. Charles Darwin Foundation. 2020 [cited 2022 Jan 9]. p. Galapagos Species Checklist. Available from: https://plants.sc.egov.usda.gov/home/plantProfile?symbol=SEAL4
12. National Institute of Agricultural SciencesNational Institute of Agricultural Sciences. 씨앗은행 [Internet]. Rural Development Administration national Institute of Agricultural Sciences. 2016 [cited 2022 Jan 9]. p. Asia Medicinal Plant. Available from: http://genebank.rda.go.kr/plantView.do?key=S&sno=1503
13. Fatmawati S, Yuliana, Purnomo AS, Abu Bakar MF. Chemical constituents, usage and pharmacological activity of Cassia alata. Heliyon [Internet]. 2020;6(7):e04396. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04396
14. Panichayupakaranant P, Intaraksa N. Distribution of hydroxyanthracene derivatives in Cassia alata and the factors affecting the quality of the raw material. Songklanakarin J Sci Technol. 2003;25(4):497–502.
15. Hennebelle T, Weniger B, Joseph H, Sahpaz S, Bailleul F. Senna alata. Fitoterapia [Internet]. 2009;80(7):385–93. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2009.05.008
16. Ross IA. Cassia alata L. In: Medicinal Plants of the World, Volume 1. 2003. p. 165–74.
17. Chahardehi AM, Arsad H, Ismail NZ, Lim V. Low cytotoxicity, and antiproliferative activity on cancer cells, of the plant senna alata (Fabaceae). Rev Biol Trop. 2021;69(1):317–30.
18. Sujatha J, Asokan S. Studies on the antioxidant activity of ethanol extract of Cassis alata using FT-IR, HPLC and GC-MS analysis. Int J Adv Res Biol Sci [Internet]. 2017 Dec 30;4(12):112–9. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.22192/ijarbs.2021.08.06.001
19. Muhammad SL, Wada Y, Mohammed M, Ibrahim S, Musa KY, Olonitola OS, et al. Bioassay-guided identification of bioactive compounds from Senna alata L. against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Appl Microbiol. 2021;1(3):520–36.
20. Ugbogu AE, Okezie E, Atasie OC. Toxicity evaluation of the aqueous stem extracts of Senna alata in wistar rats. Am J Biomed Res. 2016;4(4):80–6.
21. Abubakar I, Mann A, Mathew JT. Phytochemical composition, antioxidant and anti-nutritional properties of root-bark and leaf methanol extracts of Senna alata L. grown in Nigeria. African J Pure Appl Chem. 2015;9(5):91–7.
22. Essiett UA, Bassey IE. Comparative phytochemical screening and nutritional potentials of the flowers (petals) of senna alata (l) roxb, senna hirsuta (l.) Irwin and barneby, and Senna obtusifolia (l.) Irwin and barneby (fabaceae). J Appl Pharm Sci. 2013;3(8):97–101.
23. Adedayo O, Anderson WA, Moo-Young M, Snieckus V, Patil PA, Kolawole DO. Phytochemistry and antibacterial activity of Senna alata flower. Pharm Biol. 2001;39(6):408–12.
24. Awang-Jamil Z, Aminuddin MF, Zaidi BQ, Basri AM, Ahmad N, Taha H. Phytochemicals and antimicrobial analysis of selected medicinal plants from brunei darussalam. Biodiversitas. 2021;22(2):601–6.
25. Sujatha J, Asokan S. Antidermatophytic and antioxidant activity of hexane extracts of Cassia alata leaves and its phytochemical screening. Int Res J Pharm Biosci [Internet]. 2017;4(5):25–35. Available from: http://www.irjpbs.com
26. Angelina M, Hanafi M, Suyatna FD, Dewi BE. Drug of action cassia alata leaves extract as antiviral to dengue virus serotype-2 in vitro. Pharmacogn J. 2020;12(4):864–71.
27. Wadkhien K, Chinpaisal C, Satiraphan M, Wetwitayaklung P, Pongnimitprasert N. Anti-inflammatory effects of rhein and crude extracts from Cassia alata L. In HaCaT cells. Sci Eng Heal Stud. 2018;12(1):19–32.
28. Sagnia B, Fedeli D, Casetti R, Montesano C, Falcioni G, Colizzi V. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of extracts from Cassia alata, Eleusine indica, Eremomastax speciosa, Carica papaya and Polyscias fulva medicinal plants collected in Cameroon. PLoS One. 2014;9(8):1–10.
29. Lewis A, Levy A. Anti-inflammatory activities of Cassia alata leaf extract in complete Freund’s adjuvant arthritis in rats. West Indian Med J [Internet]. 2011 Dec [cited 2022 Feb 28];60(6):615–21. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22512217/
30. Moriyama H, Iizuka T, Nagai M, Miyataka H, Satoh T. Antiinflammatory Activity of Heat-treated Cassia alata Leaf Extract and Its Flavonoid Glycoside. Yakugaku Zasshi [Internet]. 2003 Jul 1;123(7):607–11. Available from: https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/yakushi/123/7/123_7_607/_article
31. Pamulaparthi A, Prathap VR, Banala M, Nanna RS. Total phenolic, flavonoid contents and antioxidant assays in leaf extracts of Senna alata (L.) Roxb. J Pharm Sci Res. 2015;8(9):981–5.
32. Galli CL, Cinelli S, Ciliutti P, Melzi G, Marinovich M. Aloe-emodin, a hydroxyanthracene derivative, is not genotoxic in an in vivo comet test. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol [Internet]. 2021;124(February):104967. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yrtph.2021.104967
33. Sugumar M, Doss VA, Maddisetty P, Rangaraju M, Kandhasamy S, Munuswamy S. Pharmacological analysis of hydroethanolic extract of Senna alata (L.) for in vitro free radical scavenging and cytotoxic activities against HepG2 cancer cell line. Pak J Pharm Sci. 2019;32(3):933–6.
34. Dewi R, Firza Y, Nashiry MA, Al-Suedea FSR, Abdul Majid AS. A review on Cassia alata: pharmacological, traditional and medicinal aspects. Aust Herb Insight. 2019;1(4).
35. Lim H, Ramli S, Fadzil N., Rahim A. The antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of Cassia alata extraction under different temperature profiles. Food Res [Internet]. 2020;pp-pp. Available from: http://www.myfoodresearch.com
36. Otto RBD, Ameso S, Onegi B. Assessment of antibacterial activity of crude leaf and root extracts of Cassia alata against Neisseria gonorrhea. Afr Health Sci. 2014;14(4):840–8.
37. Ontong JC, Paosen S, Shankar S, Voravuthikunchai SP. Eco-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Senna alata bark extract and its antimicrobial mechanism through enhancement of bacterial membrane degradation. J Microbiol Methods [Internet]. 2019;165(July):105692. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet.2019.105692
38. Lathifah QA, Dayu D, Turista R, Puspitasari E. Daya antibakteri ketepeng cina ( Cassia alata L .) terhadap Staphylococcus aureus , Pseudomonas aerugenosa , dan Klebsiella pneumonia. J Anal Kesehat. 2021;10(1):29–34.
39. Lathifah QA, Puspitasari E, Turista DDR. Uji antifungi ketepeng cina (Cassia alata L.) terhadap Trichophyton rubrum dan Candida albicans. J Muhammadiyah Med Lab Technol [Internet]. 2021 Jun 19;4(1):74. Available from: http://journal.um-surabaya.ac.id/index.php/analis/article/view/7362
40. Prabhu V, Poonkodi K, Pradeep K, Buvaneswari S, Mini R, Vimaladevi K, et al. Antidandruff activity of cassia auriculata and cassia alata through fatty acids mediated inhibition of malassezia furfur. J Appl Nat Sci. 2020;12(4):532–40.
41. Tababa EJL, Flores-Genuino RNS, Salud-Gnilo CMD. Senna alata (akapulko) extract versus topical antifungals for treatment of superficial fungal skin infections: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Med Philipp. 2020;54(1):44–52.
42. Angelina M, Hanafi M, Suyatna FD, Mirawati ST, Ratnasari S, Dewi BE, et al. Antiviral Effect of Sub Fraction Cassia alata Leaves Extract to Dengue Virus Serotype-2 strain New Guinea C in Human Cell Line Huh-7 it-1. IOP Conf Ser Earth Environ Sci [Internet]. 2017 Dec;101(1):012004. Available from: https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/101/1/012004
43. Mitrocotsa D, Mitaku S, Axarlis S, Harvala C, Malamas M. Evaluation of the antiviral activity of kaempferol and its glycosides against human cytomegalovirus. Planta Med. 2000;66(4):377–9.
44. Woradulayapinij W, Soonthornchareonnon N, Wiwat C. In vitro HIV type 1 reverse transcriptase inhibitory activities of Thai medicinal plants and Canna indica L. rhizomes. J Ethnopharmacol. 2005;101(1–3):84–9.
45. Anbu J, Murali A, Sathiya R, Saraswathy GR, Azamthulla M. In Vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Leaf Ethanolic Extract of Cassia Alata and Typha Angustifolia. MSRUAS-SASTech J. 2015;14(2):41–4.
46. Kundu S, Roy S, Lyndem LM. Broad spectrum anthelmintic potential of Cassia plants. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2014;4(Suppl 1):S436–41.
47. Athanasiadou S, Kyriazakis I, Jackson F, Coop R. Direct anthelmintic effects of condensed tannins towards different gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep: in vitro and in vivo studies. Vet Parasitol [Internet]. 2001 Aug;99(3):205–19. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0304401701004678
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Published
2024-03-14
How to Cite
Turista, D. D. R., Lathifah, Q. A., Puspitasari, E., Murtadlo, A. A. A., & Aini, N. S. (2024). Medicinal importance of Cassia alata L. (Fabaceae): A comprehensive review. Genbinesia Journal of Biology, 3(2), 59-71. https://doi.org/10.55655/genbinesia.v3i2.68
Section
Articles
Copyright (c) 2024 Dora Dayu Rahma Turista; Qurrotu A’yunin Lathifah, Eka Puspitasari, Ahmad Affan Ali Murtadlo, Nur Sofiatul Aini
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
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